Scarecrow Interlude

June 8th, 2011 by Jill Breit

In the first weeks after Memorial Day, many North Country gardeners hit a lull.  The preparation work of early spring is past.  Seeds and plants have been tucked into the soil.    Basic maintenance is under control, the big push to harvest still weeks away.  Now is the perfect time to think about adding art to your garden.  Found in agricultural societies around the world, scarecrows are a time-honored way to keep birds out of the garden, and add a bit of folk sculpture whimsy to the scene.   Along rural roads — and sometimes in town, too — human decoys are a charming feature of summer landscapes.

If you have scarecrows or other great art in your garden,  please send photos to radio@ncpr.org.

Frank Mitchell, Watertown, grew up in the south and always grew okra and collard greens in his city garden. He placed a scarecrow at the center of his garden plot. Photo by Varick Chittenden.

A simple frame, old clothes, and material for stuffing are all it takes to add a scarecrow to your garden. You can make them as simple or elaborate as you are inclined to do. Some makers model their creations after family members or other people they know. This example was found in the garden of Dawn Atkinson, Pierrepont. Photo by Martha Cooper.

Last week, children at an after-school workshop in Canton painted faces on muslin for the scarecrows they made.  The results are a true cast of characters, on display in the storefront windows of The TAUNY Center this summer.  Left to right: Gretchen Warner, teacher Laura Murphy, Margaret Doty, Kelsea Whittier, Laurel Whittier, Sarah Bailey.  Photo by Hannah Harvester.

Artist Kristen Jones made this scarecrow for Blue Mountain Center, Blue Mountain Lake. Rather than using old clothes stuffed with hay, she assembled scrap material found on site. Incorporating moving, metallic elements into a scarecrow may improve its efficacy as a bird deterrent. Photo by Jill Breit.

Surprising Facts About Farmers Markets

June 5th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

The outdoor farmers market season has begun, reconnecting smiling vendors behind tables of mixed greens, bakery goods and coolers filled with pasture-raised meat with shoppers looking for good local food.  Underpinning the economics of farmers markets are some surprising statistics.

  • Contrary to assumptions, a recent survey of Vermont farmers markets found that prices for produce were comparable with or cheaper than supermarket prices for most conventionally raised vegetables. For organic items, the farmers market prices were almost 40 percent lower.
  • The number of farmers markets has skyrocketed over the past ten years, growing from 2,863 in the year 2000 to 6,132 in 2010. That's an increase of 114 percent!

Transaction at the Tupper Lake farmers market

  • Vendors often travel many miles to sell at certain markets. The average distance traveled for vendors at the Portland,OR farmers market is 50 miles one way.
  • Between 85 and 95 percent of farm income comes from off-farm sources such as income from other jobs and businesses, according to the findings of a 2004 USDA survey. Unsurprisingly, this leads to fewer young people  going into farming; current statistics show that forty percent of farmers are age 55 or over.


This Week in the Larrance Garden

June 3rd, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

On Fridays we find out what's been happening in gardens around the region. Send your updates and photos by clicking on the email link at the right.

Anneke Larrance writes:

Everything’s growing!

Grapes for juice and jelly

Grapes for juice and jelly

I happened to glance up at the grape vines 2 days ago and found—to my utter delight!—that there are lots of tiny little grape sets on the Concord vines.  Already I’m anticipating the October grape juice and jelly that I’ll make.   I think anticipation is a familiar feeling for a lot of gardeners.  We imagine, plant, weed, water, and tend all the while anticipating the delicious results.

Another thing that I’m anticipating is my granddaughter’s visit in late June. She’s just three and so I’ve planted radishes and sugar snap peas for her—and I hope they’ll both be ready for harvest by late June when she’s here.  It’s important to teach our children and grandchildren where food comes from.

Will Sophia's radishes be ready in time?

Will Sophia's radishes be ready in time?

A third thing I’m anticipating—no actually dreading—is a season of weed control.  Over the years my husband and I have used a variety of ways to control weeds.  At one time we used old carpet pieces, cutting holes for tomatoes and peppers, etc.  We also cut other pieces of carpet in strips to lay down between rows.  It worked well, but it was a pain to clean up in the fall because we would dry the carpet pieces, roll them up and store them for reuse.  Actually, I still have a few pieces I use to separate the rhubarb from the herb section of the garden.

One year I laid down news papers as mulch and then they were tilled in at the end of the season.   That was onerous for the one who runs the tiller (my husband!) so I didn’t do that again.

Now I plant and let things come up for a few weeks.  During this time I hand weed and my husband uses our little row tiller.  When the ground has warmed up, my husband uses the bagger on our lawnmower to catch the cut grass (or I rake it by hand and gather it in a wheelbarrow) and then it gets emptied in the garden between the rows.   It may take several grass cuttings to mulch the whole garden, but it works well.  It helps retain the heat and moisture in the ground and has an added bonus of providing great stuff that gets rototilled into the garden in the fall.

Another Kingdom

June 1st, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

What grows wild in edible form all over the world, can be cultivated indoors or out and is a major component of almost every ecosystem, yet is not plant, animal or bacteria? The answer, of course, is fungi,  comprising a group of multicellular organisms which are entirely distinct from both animals and plants.

Although the promise of harvesting a new kind of produce is alluring, I confess to feeling out of my depth in understanding how to establish and maintain a mushroom patch. Fortunately, I was able to watch a step-by-step demonstration last week by Brooks Worden, mycology enthusiast and grower, as he sowed his plot of mushrooms at the Paul Smith's College garden.

Brooks Worden with Stropharia spawn

Brooks Worden with Stropharia spawn

In the photo at right, Brooks holds a 5 pound bag of compressed sawdust impregnated with Stropharia rugoso-annulata spawn, common name Wine Cap. At his feet are rings of clean pine shavings (hardwood shavings are preferable, if available) spread on top of a weed barrier layer of cardboard and wood chips.

Distributing mushroom spawn

Distributing mushroom spawn

I helped Brooks break the sawdust brick into smallish pieces and scatter them over the shavings. He capped the sowing with a layer of partially broken-down straw to retain moisture. The first flush of mushrooms should be ready for harvest this fall or next summer, depending on growing conditions;  harvestable flushes can occur for  up to two years.

Stropharia can be grown between rows of corn and may increase yields of these and other vegetables. They are known as the "Garden Giant" because of the great size that can be reached by some of the mushrooms, and are reputed to be quite tasty. I hope to take photos when the plot fruits, and possibly taste some samples!

There Must Be 50 Ways

May 30th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

–to grow tomatoes. You can cage them, trellis them, prune them, hang them in 5 gallon buckets and grow them upside down! Professional growers use grafted plants pruned to a single stem and fastened to a trellis inside a hoophouse.

EarthTainer

EarthTainers with built in trellis

If you haven't planted your tomatoes yet, or have simply run out of room to fit any more in your garden, consider constructing a few of these self-watering EarthTainers designed by Ray Newstead. Made from two 30 gallon totes, an aquatic plant basket, and a short length of PVC pipe, these containers incorporate a substantial reservoir to water the plants from the bottom through capillary action. Trellises can be anchored into the pots before filling with soil.

EarthTainer cutaway

EarthTainer cutaway

Newstead, a Silicon Valley executive,  was inspired to create growing containers that minimize water use after the Californian drought of 2008. He hopes that these low-cost, easy to build containers can be used in places around the world where access to water and arable land is limited. Full instructions, including an optional water level indicator can be found here. The plans are free; a voluntary donation to Feed the Children is  encouraged.

For the record, my current tomato growing scheme leans toward closely spaced hoophouse grown plants, pruned  and tied to a stiff trellis. (Photo below.) How do YOU grow tomatoes? Give us the details here or at facebook and post some pictures.

Tomatoes in the Hoophouse

Tomatoes in the Hoophouse

Potato Planting With a Local CSA

May 25th, 2011 by Jill Breit

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) has become a popular way for consumers to buy local, seasonal food directly from farmers. In this model, farms offer a certain number of shares of produce to buyers.  Each share represents a guaranteed weekly quantity of vegetables, and sometimes also includes flowers, meat, or other goods produced on the farm.  Usually, the arrangement is limited to the growing season, but more farms are developing ways to provide food to their customers year-round.  As this segment of the agricultural market grows, the model is evolving; many CSA members develop relationships with the farmers they support, and work with them in a variety of ways.

This week, Hannah Harvester, Canton,  wrote to The Garden Plot about her first experiences as a member of a CSA:

I recently joined Little Grasse Foodworks (littlegrass.blogspot.com), operated by Flip Filippi and Bob Washo of Canton. It's the first time I've belonged to a CSA, and I joined this particular one for a few reasons: the gardens and pick-up location is walking distance from my home, meaning a reduction in the amount of fossil fuels spent getting food to my table; there is a hands-on component to membership; and there's an opportunity to learn how to preserve foods in their community canning kitchen. I'm not ready or able to plant my own garden at this moment of my life, so I relish the chance to help out in a small way and learn from others' expertise in the process.

Members of Little Grasse CSA, Canton, joined farmers Bob Washo and Flip Filippi to plant potatoes on May 21. Later this summer, CSA members will receive allotments of these potatoes in their weekly delivery of vegetables. Photo by Hannah Harvester.

Rather than simply receiving a box of produce weekly, Little Grasse members are required to be involved with the work of the gardens to help produce that food. Usually, this happens on monthly workdays. I attended my first workday earlier this month, where I learned how to scuffle weeds, prepare flower beds for mulching, and harvest over-wintered spinach. I was amazed at all the spinach planted in late fall of 2010 that was now green and leafy—everyone brought home plenty. After working all morning, we enjoyed a delicious potluck lunch, featuring a salad made with greens and herbs from the garden and plenty of pickled veggies.

A few weeks later, there was an optional (I thought of it as a bonus) workday for potato planting. Between 9 and a bit before noon, Flip and Bob oversaw the planting of 18 rows of 9 varieties of potatoes, and, since there was a good turnout, also got two gardens fenced. This feat took a lot of careful organization, clear communication, and only a little bit of improvisation. The main jobs in the potato field were trench diggers, potato droppers, potato spacers, and rakers. The trenchers got going first, and once a trench was completed, the rest could get to work. The dropper walked along dropping seed potatoes into the trench, while the spacer (me) followed behind on hands and knees with a foot-long stick, making sure the potatoes were evenly spaced and, when possible, that shoots were facing up. Behind me came the rakers, raking soil over the potatoes. In addition to this cover, the potatoes are also going to be “triple hilled.” Changes in potato variety were marked by a stick pounded into the ground, as were the rows, which were evenly spaced 3 feet apart. It took a couple of rows to get the sequencing and timing right, and after that things worked smoothly. The seed potatoes were already counted, neatly organized and lined up in the barn, bearing index cards with their name and the order in which they were to be planted. Some serious math had gone into calculating how many potatoes could be planted at 12” apart in 1500” of ground!

I liked my spacing job—I got to be down in the dirt, it wasn't too strenuous, and I had a good look at the different potato varieties—there were some purple ones called “Peter Wilcox” that looked like they came from Jupiter, and a cute, oblong one called Russian Banana. I realized that I'd only seen a few kinds of potatoes before, and hadn't given that much thought. Planting 9 varieties sure seems to make sense, though, especially when you're not relying on chemicals and genetic engineering to keep your potatoes free of insects and blights.

I'm glad I joined Little Grasse. The level of organization required to pull off that group potato planting is truly impressive, as is the willingness of members to work hard and pull it off.  Members' and leaders' commitment to sharing info on food issues and getting more closely involved with the food they eat daily food is always present. At the planting, Flip unveiled the new lending library at Little Grasse, with books on herbs, wild foods, and fermentation. One couple just embarking on yogurt making for the first time got advice from a CSA member who's been making yogurt for years. I'm looking forward to the next workday, and to being a part of this community of workers, learners, and eaters.

The No-Work Garden

May 23rd, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

The rototiller roared, wheelbarrows trundled and gardeners groaned this weekend as the Common Ground Garden in Saranac Lake held its spring workday.  Looking around at the plots filled with thriving crops of weeds, and the energy being expended to rip them out, move them off, and smooth the soil, I thought of Ruth Stout and her "no-work garden."

Taking up gardening at the age of 45, Stout turned her unconventional mind to watching natural processes and incorporating them into her garden. Plants grow very well, she reasoned, without digging up the ground every spring. Instead of plowing the soil she layered her gardens with 8 inches of mulch, pushing it aside to plant her seeds. In this delightful video, filmed when she was about 90 years old, she explains her philosophy and plants a few potatoes for the camera.

The second half of the video covers more stories from her colorful life – including smashing saloons with Carrie Nation and gardening in the nude. Watching Ruth Stout handle a hoe in her slippers inspires me to take her advice and "pay attention to my inner voice."

Photography in the Garden

May 18th, 2011 by Jill Breit

Gardeners, I exhort you: keep a photo journal of your garden.  In the dead of winter, you can look through your albums (digital or print — your choice) and remember the glory of the growing season.  This will cheer you no end and inspire you to to place orders for seeds and plants in February, rather than waiting until April when all your first choices may be sold out.  Sharing these albums with non-gardening friends is  a good tool for conversion.  If this is not incentive enough for you to grab your camera, the value of accurate memory may be.

Scott and I planted this garden in 1995. Looking at this photograph now, I see how much I didn't know. The rhubarb was taking up valuable space inside the fenced area; it now grows along the edge of the meadow outside the fence. The melons were growing outside the fence on black plastic. Amazingly, no critters disturbed them; we harvested a bumper crop that year. Now, we grow melons in a second fenced area.

We gardeners trick ourselves into believing that we will remember the details of each growing season for future reference.   In fact, we won't.  Our gardens evolve; we lose track.  As the years go by,  we conflate results from different seasons, or outright forget them.   Photographs keep us honest about what worked, what didn't, and help us carry lessons learned from season to season.  Ideally, written notes accompany photographs, but if you don't have the discipline to do both, I lobby for pictures.

This is the same garden space, shot in August 2009. Though I have large flower gardens in other parts of the yard, you can never have enough flowers, so I slip them in with the vegetables. We are looking at eggplant, melons, peppers, two varieties of sunflowers, tithonia, and acidanthera in the black pots.

You don't have to be a great photographer to get serviceable shots.  Here are a few basic tips I learned from photographer friend Martha Cooper:

  • Get  shots of the garden in context.  Step back far enough to show the garden in its entirety, and how it relates to other features on your property.
  • For closer views, get low to the ground and take shots at the level of the plants, but not so low that you only see the stems of the plants right in front of you.  Move around and photograph from different angles. Shots taken from the corners of the garden are often successful.
  • Photograph in soft light: early or late in the day or mid-afternoon when it is overcast.
  • Get some shots of people working in the garden.  That's an important part of the record.

If you get photographs you like this growing season, email them to Ellen Beberman, radio@ncpr.org.  She'll post photographs from contributors every week.

A Measured Planting Scheme in Lawrence

May 18th, 2011 by Jill Breit

Starting in early May, I spend a lot of time on the road in our beautiful North Country.  One of my charges this year is to keep an eye out for gardens to report about.  Yesterday, I was driving through the town of Lawrence, on the border of St. Lawrence and Franklin counties,  and spied a woman in her garden with a measuring tape.  That was enough for me to turn the car around to find out what was going on.

Gina Vaillancourt ventured out between rain showers on May 17 to work in her garden in the town of Lawrence. This is her second year working this soil. Gina likes the planting scheme to be orderly; she strings cords and uses a measuring tape to get the spacing just right.

A scene that is recognizable to gardeners all over the North Country this time of year. In this garden, rocks dug out of the soil mark the ends of rows.

Gina Vaillancourt established her garden patch in 2010, soon after she and her husband Rick moved to their property on Route 11. She grew up on a dairy farm in Gouverneur, where her family always had a vegetable garden.  At her new home, the plan is to create a mixed garden of flowers and vegetables: "Eye food and tummy food,", as Gina calls it. The first move was to plant herbs in the middle of the patch: lemon balm, sage, peppermint, and dill.  The peppermint is a priority for tea.  Rhubarb is already established, too.

Along the edge of the garden facing the road, Gina planted a mix of wildflower seeds,  which will make a colorful border for drivers passing on the highway to enjoy.  I applaud gardeners who keep passers-by in mind when planning their gardens.  Behind the wildflowers, Gina will grow broccoli, peppers, radishes, brussel sprouts, onions, and peas, interspersed with a planting of cosmos.  One tip from this gardener: plant your peppers in a tight cluster to improve prospects for good pollination and large peppers.  Gina plants her peppers in a block in the middle of the garden, spaced so that the leaves will touch when they reach maturity.

We'll visit this garden later in the season to see how things are growing.

Rick Vaillancourt takes responsibility for tilling the garden, and hoeing occasionally. Gina likes to do the rest of the garden work herself.

Food Security

May 16th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

Frugality, and a sense of self-sufficiency were part of my motivation in starting a garden about 15 years ago. Yet, even in midsummer, many of the foods that make up my family's diet do not come from the backyard – I have stores in the basement of flour, rice, oats, beans and sugar. These dry goods provide the basis for many of our meals, at a cost that is negligible compared with our yearly income. But how does someone cope if the cost of food accounts for half of their income, and the price of those staples suddenly skyrockets?

FP cover Lester R. Brown, director of Earth Policy Institute and an authority on world agricultural issues, tells us that people around the world  confronted this reality as the price of wheat rose by 75% during the past year. There are reasons to believe that this and future price hikes will not dissipate quickly. The New Geopolitics of Food in the current issue of Foreign Policy magazine outlines the pressures on the global food system and predicts how those pressures may lead to crisis within a few years.

The squeeze is coming from both sides of the equation -the amount of food we need and the amount we can grow. Rising populations, increasing wealth (which correlates with more people eating meat, ultimately requiring more grain) and diversion of food stocks to fuel production is pushing demand. On the supply side, we are bumping up against the limits of technological advances, crop reductions due to climate change, and falling water tables in dry countries. Brown writes:

In arid Saudi Arabia, irrigation had surprisingly enabled the country to be self-sufficient in wheat for more than 20 years; now, wheat production is collapsing because the non-replenishable aquifer the country uses for irrigation is largely depleted. The Saudis soon will be importing all their grain.

Recognizing this necessity the Saudi government, along with South Korea and China, has bought and leased land in Africa to grow grain for their people. It is too early to tell whether this is a winning strategy for those countries, but it is unlikely to alleviate hunger in the areas where the grain is grown. Grain-importing countries without the means to buy land on other continents will need to find their own solutions, making control of food resources a political priority for coming decades.

This is an important issue and an important article. For further details, here is an interview with Brown by Leonard Lopate.

The New Geopolitics of Food

It's Rhubarb Season. Make A Pudding.

May 12th, 2011 by Jill Breit

Rhubarb, also called "pie plant", is standard in North Country gardens.

I love rhubarb.  It's  tough, perennial, exotic-looking, thrives in our climate, tolerates drought, resists pests, is ready for harvest long before just about anything else is getting started, and tastes great.  (I know some of you will heartily disagree with the tasting great part.  I find the tartness refreshing.)

If you are one of those people who avoids gardening because of a tendency to kill plants through neglect, go right ahead and plant some rhubarb.  A few years ago, I decided that the patch in my garden was spreading too enthusiastically, so I dug up a lot of it and dumped it in full sun in a gravel pit to compost.  Two weeks later my neighbor spied the roots withering in the heat, took them home to plant, and in a few weeks had plants of his own.

Rhubarb does respond well to applications of manure and compost, but doesn't require it.  If you harvest judiciously — I've read that you should take no more than 1/3 of the stems on a given plant at each cutting — you can keep your rhubarb in good, productive health without much care for many years.  If anyone out there has ever had trouble growing rhubarb I'd like to know about it.

hubarb Pudding

First rhubarb pudding of the season, made by Martha last night.


About a decade ago, Martha Foley shared a favorite rhubarb recipe, in a cookbook published by TAUNY.   It's a rhubarb pudding, the recipe originally published in Secrets of Better Cooking by Readers Digest.  The first time I made it, it became my favorite rhubarb recipe.  I make it at least weekly during season, often more.  It's not unusual for the two people in my household to eat the entire pudding in one sitting.    Hot out of the oven with yogurt, whipped cream, or ice cream is best.

I made the first batch of the year last Sunday.  Rhubarb season is officially underway.

RHUBARB PUDDING

3 cups diced rhubarb

5 tablespoons butter, divided

2/3 plus 1/2 cup sugar, divided

1-1/2 cups all-purpose flour

1/4 teaspoon salt

3 teaspoons baking powder

1 egg

1/2 cup milk

Pour enough boiling water over the rhubarb to cover it; set it aside for 10 minutes, then drain it.  Spread 2 tablespoons of the butter in the bottom of a shallow 1-1/2 quart baking dish or a pie plate.  Sprinkle the dish with the 2/3 cup of sugar.  Place a pie bird or a vented dome of aluminum foil in the center.  Place the rhubarb all around.

Stir together the flour, salt, the 1/2 cup sugar, and the baking powder.  Melt the remaining 3 tablespoons of butter.  Beat the egg with the milk and the melted butter.  Add the wet mixture to the dry and stir until they are blended into a fairly thick dough.  Spread the dough over the rhubarb.  Bake at 400 degrees for 25-30 minutes, until the top is golden brown.

Martha has been known to freeze rhubarb so she can eat this any time of year.

Gleanings

May 11th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

Calling all gardeners! For this season, Friday will be the day to hear from gardeners  all over the region. Send me an email (link is on the right-hand side of the page) any time during the week and I will include it in the Friday roundup. Did you build a new funky trellis? Figure out a way to stop flea beetles from eating the arugula? Grow a new variety of squash? Send me the details and photos, and don't be afraid to brag!

While I wait for your news, I leave you with these words of wisdom from Chance the Gardener in the 1979 movie Being There.

Peter Sellers as Chance the Gardener

Peter Sellers as Chance the Gardener

President "Bobby": Mr. Gardner, do you agree with Ben, or do you think that we can stimulate growth through temporary incentives?[Long pause]

Chance the Gardener: As long as the roots are not severed, all is well. And all will be well in the garden.

President "Bobby": In the garden.

Chance the Gardener: Yes. In the garden, growth has it seasons. First comes spring and summer, but then we have fall and winter. And then we get spring and summer again.

President "Bobby": Spring and summer.

Chance the Gardener: Yes.

President "Bobby": Then fall and winter.

Chance the Gardener: Yes.

Benjamin Rand: I think what our insightful young friend is saying is that we welcome the inevitable seasons of nature, but were upset by the seasons of our economy.

Chance the Gardener: Yes! There will be growth in the spring!

Benjamin Rand: Hmm!

Chance the Gardener: Hmm!

President "Bobby": Hm. Well, Mr. Gardner, I must admit that is one of the most refreshing and optimistic statements Ive heard in a very, very long time. [Benjamin Rand applauds]

President "Bobby": I admire your good, solid sense. Thats precisely what we lack on Capitol Hill.

Pod Person

May 7th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

'I like monotonous work!" So said a friend as we bent over our rakes, working  on a landscaping crew. His choice of words still makes me smile -doesn't monotony imply unpleasantness?- but the meaning comes across: all that digging, weeding, raking frees up the mind.

On the other hand, my mental journeys sometimes end up in muddy ruts, especially when it's 45 degrees and rainy. In recent years, I have come to rely on a garden essential: listening to podcasts on my MP3 player.

The Pod

The Pod

Notice the cracked face and the dirty brown cord. The complete setup includes a small plastic bag to protect the electronics from soil-covered fingers.

My listening tastes range from brain-stretchers to topical humor, but here are some of my favorite garden-related podcasts. Sadly, this is a fairly short list. Quite a few promising podcasts have ceased after a few episodes and others ramble too far into the weeds to keep my interest.

  • Gardening Conversations with Martha Foley and Amy Ivy is obviously first on the list – timely info on seasonal chores. I don't usually download these weekly chats because I hear them when they are broadcast on NCPR.
  • Greendays on Weekday comes out on Tuesdays from KUOW in Seattle. A panel of expert gardeners hosts a call-in show on Northwest gardening. The questions often focus on a more urban style of gardening,  an interesting  contrast with our rural methods.
  • On The Alternative Kitchen Emma Cooper, a freelance English writer with a soothing voice, narrates her own creative experiments with kitchen gardening, interspersed with useful information gleaned from experts. The photos she posts on her blog coopette.com make it worth a visit.
  • Last Chance Foods from WNYC is a 5 minute exploration by Amy Eddings on what is growing when, where to find it in New York, and how to prepare it. Often includes fantastic cooking tips from farmers growing some of the more unusual vegetables.

Setting Up the Garden

May 6th, 2011 by Jill Breit

Ellen Beberman's  posts about getting the garden season underway have gotten me outside to prepare space for the plants I've started inside.  We used to have raised beds in the vegetable garden at my house, and loved them, but the last couple of years we've opted to rearrange the soil each spring to suit our whims as we experiment with different crops.  I miss the structure provided by raised beds and think we'll probably go back to them.

All of this has got me thinking about raised beds in other people's gardens.  Several years ago, I curated an exhibit about owner-built houses in our region.  Construction methods varied: log, straw bale, cordwood, timber frame and even a few geodesic domes.  What all of these homes had in common was space dedicated to raising vegetables.  Here are three variations on raised beds from that research project.  Photos by Martha Cooper/TAUNY Archives.

The Brassachios, Murtagh Hill Road, West Chazy, have extensive garden spaces located at a distance from their house. More recently, they constructed raised beds near their house for ease of access and maintenance.

Donna Foley and Jim Brush, Vermontville, call their garden walls "Adirondack adobe." To construct them, they stacked used tires, filled them with sand, and finished them off with tinted stucco. The walls act as a heat sink, extending the growing season.

Nancy Bernstein, Vermontville, used boulders from the excavation of her house site to build terraces for garden space. Here she works with son Reuben to prepare for spring planting.

Deer…oh!!

May 4th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

They are lovely, aren't they? From the Department of Environmental Conservation's website:

White-tailed deer

White-tailed deer

The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is New York's most popular game animal and is found throughout the state. Residents and visitors to the state derive countless hours of enjoyment from the white-tailed deer resource. Each year, more than 500,000 deer hunters contribute nearly $690 million to New York State's economy through hunting related expenses, and through license purchases and federal excise taxes hunters generate over $35 million to support management activities of NYSDEC. Hunters take some 220,000 deer annually, filling freezers with roughly 10.8 million pounds of high quality local venison[.]

And here is how they appear to a gardener, gazing out the window in the early morning as deer advance on rows of newly sprouted carrots:

White-tailed deer

White-tailed deer

Mild winters, fragmented landscapes and fewer hunters in recent years have kept herd populations high.  According to a 2002 survey of New York farmers, crop damage from deer accounted for the loss of $58.8 million, or about 1.7% of total agricultural production. The DEC is currently developing a deer management plan, due sometime this spring, which will focus on ways to recruit new hunters and to increase use of antlerless (doe) permits.

For gardeners, the best management plan is a barrier that is either too high or wide for the deer to jump, or too unpleasant for them to breech. Lightweight polypropylene fencing comes in 8 foot rolls, is easy to install and blends visually into the background. Two rows of shorter fencing placed 3 feet apart, or fencing slanted outward, make it difficult for deer to negotiate a clear jump. Other options include laying a haphazard pattern of monofilament fishing line around the outside an existing fence. Deer presumably stay away from the fence to avoid entangling their hooves.

My own garden is fenced with a four-strand electric fence powered by a solar charger and baited periodically through the season with peanut butter to condition the deer with a quick shock to the nose. If they learn to stay away, my plants are safe. But if I forget to turn on the fence and they have a chance to get into the garden they will return even when the fence is active, pushing through the strands to get at the tasty treats inside.

Zone Creep

April 28th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman
Dana Fast in her garden

Dana Fast in her garden

Dana Fast grows vegetables and fruits at her home in Lake Clear, NY. A trained biochemist, she has tracked low temperatures, first and last frost dates, and other pertinent information in her garden notebooks since 1976. Recently she shared her data and conclusions at a lecture sponsored by the Essex County Master Gardener Volunteers.

Her records reflect the changes seen in temperature data around the world, pointing to a longer growing season with milder winters in the North Country. From 1976 to 1985 the date of "last frost" in spring occurred before the last week in May only 3 years out of 10.  From 2000 to 2009 the ratio had risen to 6 out of 10, although there is still quite a bit of variability from year to year.

Last Spring Frost

The end date of the growing season, the "first frost" of the fall, has shown a more consistent pattern, with frosts before the beginning of September becoming increasingly rare.First Fall Frost

And we can probably say goodbye to winters that feature lows of  -40 degrees. ( A bit of trivia: -40 is the only place where Fahrenheit and Celsius values are equivalent.)

Minimum Winter Temps

These observations are in line with changes seen across the country, in what has been called "zone creep." Hardiness zones, based on minimum winter temperatures, give gardeners a general idea of what can be grown in their location.  An animated map at The Arbor Day Foundation website shows how the zones  moved north between 1990 and 2006.  Dana's garden, which would have been classified as zone 3 when she started gardening in 1976, is now in zone 4.

For Tri-Lakes gardeners, this means the bush full of ripe tomatoes is no longer an elusive goal. On the other hand, the tomato hornworm, that 3 ½ inch green bane of tomato growers in warmer locations, has now made its way to the Adirondacks. What temperature related changes have you seen in your garden?

Underground

April 25th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

As far as I know, Nicholson Baker is the only person to write a horror story involving potatoes. Early on in Subsoil, the protagonist has an unsettling encounter with a potato left in a Mr. Potato Head box:

He pulled the lid slowly off the box, feeling the air slip in to fill the increasing volume. And then he had a nasty shock…A real potato, or a former potato, a now dead potato still rested within the box.

You know things are just going to get worse.

Sprouted potatoes

Sprouted potatoes

I had a slightly less ominous surprise when I opened the bag of seed potatoes I had saved from last year and discovered that they had begun to sprout. Note: experts generally recommend against saving your own potatoes for seed, due to buildup of viruses and disease. If you or your neighbors experienced late blight at all during the previous season, you should NOT save any part of plants in the Solonaceae  family, which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants and peppers. My potatoes were from second year plants, and were healthy.

But they had started to grow, and as I had already prepped a bed for them, it seemed like a good time to plant. Potato tubers grow from the portion of stem that is underground, so they are usually "hilled" with dirt during the growing season so that more of the stem will be covered. Rather than hilling, I decided to dig a trench, piling the loose soil alongside so that it could be raked over the plants as they grow.

Seed potatoes in the trench

Seed potatoes in the trench

However, before I planted I spent a few minutes examining the pink-and-white growths that would become the new potato plants. The tentacled sprouts, covered with fine hairs, seemed almost preternatural in the way they sucked the vitality from the withered potato in order to regenerate a new, strong plant. OK, I think it's time to go get some fresh air.

Closeup of a sprouted potato

Closeup of a sprouted potato

Coming Soon, To a Community Near You

April 22nd, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

I don't want to sound alarmist, but I have observed a certain type of growth in the North Country landscape in the past few years. If  you live near Canton, Keene, Plattsburgh, Tupper Lake, Lake Placid or Saranac Lake you may have noticed it as well. Potsdam and Saratoga Springs could be next. Yes, I'm afraid it's true: community gardens  are taking root everywhere.

First Lady Michelle Obama in the White House garden Todd Moe interviews a community garden organizer

In fact, as coordinator of the Common Ground Garden in Saranac Lake I am thrilled to see how this movement, famously championed by First Lady Michelle Obama, is inspiring people of all ages and with all levels of experience to buy some seeds, pick up a shovel, and spend some time getting dirty. Without getting too sappy, I see these public gardens as a way to come together on neutral soil to learn from and help each other.

Most of the gardens are just stirring back to life after the winter cold, so if you'd like to find out more a web search should bring up contact information, or email me and I'll try to put you in touch. If you are already a community gardener or garden organizer I'd be happy to broadcast your info on this blog.

Greenhouses

April 21st, 2011 by Ellen Beberman

Lately, I have been poring over a book I bought years ago at the library book sale: The Solar Greenhouse Book by James C. McCullagh. Published by Rodale Press in 1978, it has discussions of various types of glazing, diagrams of solar incidence and reflection, and nostalgia-inducing photos of Rodale Farm and New Alchemy Institute*. Though some of the techniques and materials are outdated, the idea still makes sense – use thermal mass and movable insulation, like curtains, to trap and store enough heat to keep the greenhouse warm. I can attest that these principles of passive solar design work: our house gets about 15% of its heat from the sun using these elements.

Sanjun-Gu-in-chinese-greenhouse2

Sanjun Gu with cucumbers in solar heated Chinese greenhouse

So, where are the solar heated greenhouses of today? It turns out that they are in China. Limited access to fuel for heating greenhouses and incentive to keep costs low lead to the development of simple structures that derive their heat from thermal storage, in the form of thick, north walls and keep the heat from radiating out with insulating blankets.

This design has been implemented in Manitoba, with remarkable results. On the coldest day of the test period, the outside temperature was -30 degrees C yet the temperature inside did not go below freezing (0 degrees c)

As you may have guessed, my research has a a purpose. I plan to build a scaled down version of a Chinese style greenhouse this summer to allow much more room for seed starting than my shelving-with-lights operation. Here is a schematic of the plan I am considering.

I will post updates of the construction as it move along through the summer. If any of you have experience with greenhouses, and especially with solar heated greenhouses, I'd love to hear your input.Chinese greenhouse design

*I visited New Alchemy in the early 80's and saw their fish-pond-and-manure heated greenhouses. The air of experimentation was inspiring.

And So It Begins, Again…

April 14th, 2011 by Ellen Beberman
Shallots 2011

Seedling shallots for the 2011 garden

…the growing season, that is, coinciding with the resurrection of The Garden Plot. The blog, started last year by TAUNY, will have a slightly different format this year with a few regulars, including me, rotating blog posts.* Comments are encouraged; hopefully the facebook page will  become a place for gardeners and others to post thoughts, pictures, and videos.

My interests in the green-and-growing world range from planting tips to food economics to learning about innovators and eccentrics. To me, gardening embodies the slogan "Think Globally, Act Locally." I'll be looking at how we grow things in the North Country and how that ties into issues that face everyone. And, of course, I'll post updates from my market garden throughout the season.

*We are looking for some other voices to join this blog – gardeners, farmers, chefs, eaters – please get in touch if you are interested in writing about gardens in the smaller or larger sense.

A Post for Election Day

November 2nd, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Anneke Larrance, Canton:

Anneke's "political" wheelbarrows always make her smile.

It's  Election Day and I've been getting  political stuff in the mail every day (7 pieces of it on Friday) and lots of phone calls too.  As I was preparing to put my garden tools away for the winter, I realized that I "wear" some of my political convictions on my wheelbarrows.

My kohlrabi are still doing just fine in the garden, and I harvested the last of the fall crop of lettuce just last week.  Some baby cabbage that formed on the stem after the first ones were cut are still providing a  welcome addition  to my cole slaws.   I'm busy planting flower bulbs that will bloom next spring.

Of course I'm dreaming and planning for next year's vegetable garden already.  I've added some of the compost I made over the summer to the garden plots and  some of the leaves from the lawn have been ground up and spread over the gardens too.  This will provide a great basis for next year's crops.

The bittersweet in the Larrance garden adds warm color this time of year.

End of Season

October 16th, 2010 by Katrina Brainard

From Mike Parwana:

We had our first frost of the season in Queensbury on October 12th.  This effectively ended the garden season at our shop though the tomato plants being directly against the concrete wall were touched by frost on some of the outside leaves but are still alive with several pounds of green tomatoes I hope will still ripen a little.  Also 3 cabbages.  Ordinarily I don't pay much attention to the expense of gardening but over the last couple of years I've heard some discussion about whether gardening was a financially viable activity–what was that book about the $100 tomato or something?

So I kept track.  I spent about $65 on this garden including plants, seed, fertilizer and netting.  The netting is re-useable and I used only a very small portion of the fertilizer.

My yield (I tried to keep a good count but inevitably cherry tomatoes were eaten without being recorded — still):

Cucumbers (Burpless and Sweet Salad) — 70
Yellow Cherry Tomatoes — 245 I weighed these and figured 2oz for 4 tomatoes so that equals a little over 7 1/2 lb.
Roma Cherry Tomatoes — 215 (about 6 3/4 lb)
Brandywine Tomatoes — 42 (about 23 lb) and there are still unpicked tomatoes
Cantaloupe — 3
Butternut squash — 4
Buttercup squash — 2 This plant set numerous fruit that fell off early during warm weather
Jalapeno peppers — 12
Cayenne peppers — 23
Ornamental gourds — 26
Red, Blue, and Peter Wilcox potatoes — 20 lb

I think I am estimating my yield pretty conservatively at about $240–well worth doing.

I don't know if the trellising worked to keep the temperature of the shop lower but there were some advantages to growing vertically — self watering, efficient use of space, easy to maintain, virtually no weeding!

A great advantage of gardening at my place of work was that I could take a break every once in a while and tend my plants for a few minutes–a pleasant diversion compared to trying to find some time at home after a long day to weed and water.

Clean Up

October 11th, 2010 by Katrina Brainard

From John F. Schwaller, Potsdam:

The garden has been as good as I can remember in 5 years.  We are using the onions, shallots, and garlic we have already harvested.  We had a wonderful tomato crop, and I am now making chutney from the green tomatoes rescued from the frost.  I have beets in the ground still to harvest.  We have nice bags of broccoli and beans frozen for the winter, along with chard and some tomatillos.  Most of the tomatillos and tomatoes I have canned for use throughout the winter.  I have about 2 gallons of sauerkraut fermenting in the basement.  It's too bad there are few ways to save zucchini and yellow squash, other than by making stews and soups and then canning those.  Anne is cutting and drying herbs, the scent of which fills the house.

10.10.10

October 3rd, 2010 by Ellen Beberman

Asked recently by a pollster what I thought was the most important issue facing our country today I replied, "Climate change." There was a long pause at the other end as the phone-banker looked far down the list of concerns to register my comment: it was not a common answer. (Just wondering – did everybody else get an onslaught of phone polls before the primaries? They are fun, but time consuming.)

On October 10th people around the world will  work on projects in their communities that address climate change – from installing solar panels, to restoring forests, to workshops on "sustainability skills" – in an effort to show our leaders that we can no longer accept inaction as  policy. This worldwide network of local events is coordinated by 350.org, the brainchild of Bill McKibben, a thoughtful and passionate writer on the issue.

Prepping the garden in spring 2009

Common Ground Garden, spring 2009

Which is all prelude to announce that the Common Ground Garden in Saranac Lake will hold a work party on October 10th, starting at 10 am at both of our sites – Old Lake Colby Road, and Willow Way. We'll be planting daffodil bulbs (for Daffest), demonstrating sheet mulching techniques, and putting the garden to bed. There will be a cider pressing in the afternoon, thanks to Greg Popp and Andrea Hill – bring your apples AND a jug – and gardeners are invited to regroup at the Presbyterian church at 5:00 for a potluck and music jam. Do stop by if you're in the area, with or without a wheelbarrow!

Frost?

September 21st, 2010 by Martha Foley

Just curious. Have you had frost? Where?

We have not, but on my way into Canton this morning on Rt. 68 there was frost in a couple of low-lying areas.  I'm ready with my usual collection of plastic sheeting and old bedsheets. What's your method? Do you care? Do you welcome the frost, as a kind of  a "thank goodness that's over" moment?

I recommend Phil Harden's (of GardenShare)  "Gardener's Guide to Frost" for explanations of where and when frost is most likely, and what to do to forestall it, "outwit" according to the subtitle, and extend the season.  Also, fantastic pictures of frosted things.

Keene Central School Garden

September 20th, 2010 by Katrina Brainard

Keene Central School started a large garden project four years ago.  We have had a composting program for over 15 years and various gardens through the years.  We grow food for the cafeteria and for students and this year are almost finished building a geodesic dome greenhouse which will be both an outdoor classroom and a space to grow greens for the cafeteria in the winter.  Our garden last year won the Growing Community Award from Garden Share.

We are hoping to share our knowledge, trials, and tribulations with other communities and schools.

A Wonderful Year

September 20th, 2010 by Katrina Brainard

Pederson Tomatoes

From Ann Pederson:

All in all it's been a wonderful year in the garden.  We had some setbacks early on, losing our onions and shallots and pulling our strawberries because of botrytis.  But then it all changed.  Must have been the right combination of sun and rain because everything else did fabulous.  Of course, Paul and I can take some credit for our experience from many years of gardening and observing.  The quality and flavor of our tomatoes is superb and our sweet peppers are plentiful and turning beautiful shades of red.  The broccoli has had its share of cabbage caterpillars (didn't realize I was out of Bt this year and never got around to getting any).  But the broccoli is tender and delicious and beautiful just the same.  Nothing a little vinegar and water can't remedy.  The biggest surprise are the pole beans and sweet corn.  The beans got off to a late start but boy did they catch up.  Saturday we harvested 22 pounds and the plants are still loaded.  The sweet corn as you might remember from my last post was "shoulder" high by the 4th of July.  Paul had made three successive plantings and they all produced wonderful sweet ears.  We've been eating corn for well over a month now.  This year we decided to just grow only red norland potatoes, nothing for long storage.  To our surprise we had a great crop and are still enjoying those tender potatoes you can only exprience growing on your own.  We are just beginning to pull our carrots now.  Made a great venison stew this weekend with carrots, zucchini, pole beans, tomatoes, garlic, onions, lentils, chickpeas, and some middle eastern spices.  Delicious.

I've enjoyed this blog very much.  Thanks for putting it together.

Pederson Pole Beans

Bringing in the Harvest

September 16th, 2010 by Jill Breit

Dawn Atkinson, Pierrepont, sets the gold standard for preserving the harvest of her large vegetable garden each year. Even after giving away boxes of vegetables to family and friends all season, she stocks the larder with hundreds of jars of canned goods and bushels of root crops.

By the time a hard frost hits, the shelves, and all the jars, in Dawn's basement pantry are full.

French-style green beans are a favorite in the Atkinson household. Dawn runs many bowls of green beans through her tabletop French-cutter.

Dawn's grandchildren often help with the harvest. Granddaughter Brooke helped collect the squash.

Gladioli are a favorite North Country cash crop, commonly sold at farmstands along with edibles. Dawn grows rows of glads to give away.

A School Garden and a Community Garden in Keene

September 16th, 2010 by Jill Breit

Sarah Prince, Keene, emailed us photos of two excellent garden projects in Keene.  The first is a community garden currently  managed by Jim Herman.

This community garden is located between Keene and Keene Valley, in Marcy Field.

The community garden was placed in proximity to an existing well on the property.  In its third year of operation, there are 25 gardeners tending 33 12' x 12' plots.

Members of this community garden work against a dramatic backdrop.

The school garden Sarah told us about is managed by Julie Holbrook, who wears many hats at Keene Central School.

Keene Central School won an award from Gardenshare for their extensive use of local produce in the cafeteria.

The geodesic structure in the background is a greenhouse frame.

Freak fruit days

September 13th, 2010 by Martha Foley

It's that time of year. Earlier this summer I posted a picture of one tomato plant that was far and away larger than all the others in my garden. It's an Opalka, an heirloom variety, one of four Opalkas I planted this year. It still is the biggest of all its sisters, and Saturday I picked this double-plus fruit.

2 3/4 pounds of tomato

It was actually pretty hard to extract this from the myriad of vine and other fruits…the little "finger" got a little crunched.

These Opalkas are champs, though one of the four was hit especially hard by early blight. They're great for canning; mostly flesh with not much liquid. And flavorful. This summer, they and  "Amish plum" tomatoes are my favorites.

BTW — this is actually one tomato, not two grown together. No separate stem buried in there anywhere.

I made soup with it. This recipe is so simple, and so delicious. It's from Barbara Kafka's book, Soup. Apologies to the author, this is from memory:

1 T. butter

1 medium onion, sliced thin

3 lbs. tomatoes or a #10 can of tomato puree

salt

heavy cream (optional)

thin slices basil, croutons (both optional)

melt the butter and gently saute onion in it for several minutes (I also add a small clove of garlic).  If you're using fresh tomatoes, chunk them, add, cover and cook on low for 45 minutes or so. If using canned tomatoes, add and cook for 10 minutes or so.

Puree.

Add salt — I use about a teaspoon of table salt, more if using Kosher.

Add cream and reheat. (I've never bothered with the cream.)

Top each bowl with basil or croutons.

It's soup!!!

Before…and after

September 10th, 2010 by Martha Foley

I have to laugh at these two pictures. One was taken July 8, when things were pretty well under control in my garden. The other was taken Sept. 8, and shows, well, what two months of good growing weather can produce, especially when the gardener is mostly absent for the second one.

July 8 - all is well.

Everything that grew in my garden this summer grew BIG.  Not necessarily more productive, but BIG. Heavy mulching insured that weeds weren't a much of a problem. It was the crops taking each other over.    Seems like all my 7' tomato and bean stakes tipped over or broke. Now 12' tomato vines are into the basil. The makeshift scarlet runner bean trellis fell over, taking the  pea fence and the yellow pear tomato with it. The pear tomato itself has hooked up with the arugula over the last of the bush beans.  Catnip is rampant in the former garlic bed.  And a colorful mix of eggplants and nasturtiums are fighting it out in the back.  The winter squash and gourd vines are up and over the fence, but that's as expected. I really need more space.

September 8. Organized chaos.

A couple of notable failures: two plantings of beets didn't germinate well. And we never got around to planting potatoes. Missing those.
And the early blight is bad in the tomatoes this year.

September 8. View from the backside - the less organized area of the chaos.

I'm happy for the cooler weather.

WWOOF, WWOOF!

September 8th, 2010 by Ellen Beberman

My first WWOOFer arrived today, a lovely young woman named Trina-Marie. Okay: Willing Workers on Organic Farms. (Actually, that was the acronym when I was a WWOOFer, but I see that it is now World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms.)

Trina-Maire washing Swiss Chard

Trina-Maire washing Swiss Chard

WWOOF links people interested in learning about organic growing with host growers. The  usual agreement is room and board in exchange for 2 weeks' work. Hosts and workers find each other by signing up to the website for a small fee.

In the late 1980s I WWOOFed (it's a versatile word, both noun and verb) in New Zealand during a several week trip. At that time, the WWOOFing catalogue came as a copied pamphlet with phone numbers for contact. I remember a strange feeling of incongruity as I telephoned from our snowy winter cabin to a summery place 7 time zones away.

I spent a couple of weeks at a tree nursery that was also, coincidentally, hosting a permaculture course, and then a week or two more at the homes of people I had met at the first farm. The Kiwis were wonderfully encouraging to someone who had never yet planted a successful garden, advising me among other things to try growing a lemon tree. When I protested that I lived far from citrus country they murmured, "Maybe you could find a sheltered spot to plant it."

Trina-Marie will help me conquer the grass that has invaded most of my beds, and prep for next season. My garden space is small, so I would like to offer TM and future WOOFers the opportunity to spend time on other farms in the area. If you are interested in hosting apprentices like this, let me know.

A great summer!

September 5th, 2010 by Katrina Brainard

From Anneke Larrance:

This fresh celery is very flavorful.

 

The liberty apple tree is loaded with fruit.

 What a great summer for gardens.  The celery has flourished and reminds me of what celery used to taste like when I was young: a crunchy bite full with a strong flavor.  I don't tie my celery like some do, so this celery is dark green all the way through.  Even without tying, the center stalks are still more tender than the outside ones.

I had more tomatoes than usual this year, but the plants did have early blight.  So the regular tomatoes have mostly ripened, been picked and enjoyed with some fresh basil, but the yellow cherry tomatoes are still plentiful and excellent eating.  They're so sweet it's almost like eating candy!  It seems that everyone has lots of tomatoes this year.  I've given them to people at work, to the neighbors, and to others I see.  In fact, I had someone thank me the other day for NOT bringing tomatoes to her!

Green, jalapeno, chile and cherry bomb peppers are all very happy.  Although the recent hot weather was hard on the second sowing of lettuce, it too is ready to eat.  The kohlrabi is wonderful and the green beans are still producing.  Oh, the red potatoes are great too.  There really is a difference in taste (from those purchased in the store) when they're eaten.  Maybe because I dig a hill of potatoes and 20 minutes later some of them are simmering on the stove…fresh anything makes a difference I think.

The MacIntosh apples have all been picked and the Liberty tree is loaded.  My husband put a support under some of the branches because I'm afraid the weight of the apples will break the branches.  They're not quite ready to pick yet and their taste is still a bit "raw."

Brad's Best Garden

August 29th, 2010 by Katrina Brainard

From Brad Pendergraft:

Here are the latest photos from my garden.  There are three photos.  The first one shows some of the produce from the garden in our kitchen.  It includes 56 pint jars of pickles (cukes and beans), potatoes, tomatoes, squash, and cilantro.  I love all the colors.  The second is the current state of the garden approximately 8-20-10.  My best garden ever.  Perfect temperatures and rain.  The pumpkins not visible because the corn and tomatoes are trying to take over the garden.  The last one is Jake and Dexter our Fresh Air Child from Staten Island.  Dexter is picking his first cuke. 

 

 

Thousand Islands Land Trust Provides Space for Community Garden

August 24th, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Jake Tibbles, Clayton:

The Zenda Farm Community Garden, outside the village of Clayton, is a place for families to come together to grow vegetables. Kevin and Emma Durr, Clayton, picked this Blue Hubbard squash to take home.

The Zenda Community Garden is a joint project between the Thousand Islands Land Trust (TILT) and the Thousand Islands Young Leaders Organization (TIYLO).  The Zenda Community Garden was designed to provide participants access to inexpensive, healthy and nutritious food that is not subjected to any hazardous chemical or pesticides.  Some of us would like the option to eat food that has not been grown by agribusinesses.  Others lack the space or the experience to grow their own food.  At Zenda Farm, TILT and TIYLO have both the space and the access to expertise.

All age groups share the pleasure of working in the garden.

The Community Garden Initiative brings neighbors together and empowers them to supplement their food supply by growing healthy and nutritious food themselves.  Community gardening stimulates social interaction, encourages self-reliance, truly beautifies neighborhoods and produces nutritious foods, while reducing family food budgets.  Also, the community is connected to the source from which their food originates, fostering a sense of trust and collaboration among the participating residents.

The Community Garden is located on land in the Thousand Islands Land Trust (TILT). Organizers anticipate that the number of participating gardeners will continue to increase.

The Zenda Community Garden is located on TILT’s Zenda Farm Preserve.  Zenda Farm is a multifaceted preserve that TILT characterizes as one of its “signature preserves”.  In 1997, Zenda Farm was donated to TILT by John and Lois Jean MacFarlane.  The gift ensured that the 130 acres of rolling hay fields, which form the scenic gateway to the Town of Clayton on Route 12E, will forever remain as open space.  Seen as a staple in the Thousand Islands, the Jamesway Barns were constructed in 1936, and later refurbished in 2002 by TILT.  The property reflects Clayton’s rich farming and cultural history.  Today, the Zenda Farm Preserve consists of approximately 400 acres of pasture land and grasslands that are managed for grassland nesting birds.

TILT, along with our many conservation partners, continues to develop the Zenda Farm Preserve in a manner that mirrors our mission; working to conserve the natural beauty, wildlife habitat, and recreational opportunities in the Thousand Islands region. With the addition of a 2 mile hiking & biking trail and the community garden, Zenda Farm stands at the forefront when it comes to promoting and preserving the regions natural and anthropogenic heritage.

On its 2nd year, the Zenda Community Garden has 21 families enrolled. Gardeners are responsible for everything from planting individual seeds to watering on a daily basis. Each spring, there is a Start of the Garden Season meeting.  At this meeting, gardeners discuss what worked and what didn’t work last year, and what vegetables should be planted this year.  Also, gardeners start several flats of plants from seeds.  This reduces the costs associated with the start-up of the community garden each year.

During the growing season, gardeners are required to spend at least a minimum of one hour per week, planting, watering, or weeding in the garden.  Gardeners are paired based on each individual’s gardening experience.  This allows gardeners at all levels to learn and/or pass down gardening knowledge.  As vegetables begin to be harvested, a list is kept by the gardeners to keep track of produce shares.

In just two years, the amount of interest in the local Community Garden Initiative has exponentially increased. With a 7000 square foot main garden and the addition of a 1000 square foot pumpkin patch, I anticipate an increase in community garden participants each year. With several river communities following in Clayton’s footsteps, the Community Garden Initiative has been strongly felt at a local scale.  This has been made possible by organizations such as TILT and TIYLO, local businesses, and supporting municipalities.  The Zenda Community Garden has been extremely fortunate in obtaining support from local businesses and individuals.

The expenses, to date, have come from private donations and not from any set fee structure related to participation in the garden.  It is our goal to continue to offer free access to our community garden.  Private donations have helped us to offer a fully-functional garden, offering fresh produce, at no cost to those who chose to participate.

If you have any additional questions and/or comments regarding the Zenda Farm Preserve or the Zenda Community Garden, please feel free to contact me at the TILT office (315)686-5345 or via email at jtibbles@tilandtrust.org

Beyond the Garden Gate

August 23rd, 2010 by Ellen Beberman

Cosmos and zinnias, zucchini, carrots and beets, tomatoes and green beans flourish in a series of raised beds in the Common Ground Garden, a community garden in Saranac Lake. The plots are maintained by members of the First Presbyterian Church in an effort to bring fresh vegetables and flowers to area residents who do not or can not garden for themselves.

“Tending these garden plots is, I feel, part of our mission to feed the hungry and promote healing,” says Pastor Joann White, as she plucks a bouquet of flowers to bring to a housebound member of her congregation. She spearheads a small group of dedicated volunteers who rotate garden responsibilities on a weekly basis. The produce is offered to patrons of the interfaith food pantry on Saturday mornings; flowers which brighten weekly mass are later distributed to those hospitalized or shut in.

Joann White in the Common Ground Garden

Pastor Joann White gathering flowers

I am standing with White in the garden space on Old Lake Colby Road in Saranac Lake. Common Ground Garden, organized in 2008 in response to increased interest in gardening, got its start last spring on land provided by the Adirondack Medical Center. Community members lease plots on a yearly basis here, and in a newly established site on the other side of town on Saranac Lake village property. Both sites provide water for the gardeners and are enclosed by deer fencing.

The Presbyterians’ project is an embodiment of the goals that we on the Common Ground steering committee have for the garden: to involve more people in growing food and to bring garden-fresh produce to those who lack it. Along with the vegetables, they, and the dozens of others who help with their time and expertise, are adding to the banks of interconnectedness that make our small communities thrive.

Interview with a Master Gardener

August 17th, 2010 by Jill Breit

Brian Henderson, head gardener at Upper Canada Village, in his Sunday best.

Have you ever tasted a huckleberry?  How about pear pie made from fruit picked right outside the kitchen window? Both of these experiences are possible at Upper Canada Village in Morrisburg, Ontario.  I recently had the chance to speak to Brian Henderson, head gardener at UCV, where the program is to interpret and present life in that province in the 1860s.  UCV is situated along the banks of the St. Lawrence River, a favorable location for growing plants.  Throughout the village there are large vegetable plots, potato fields, hay fields, and small edible plantings tucked here and there around the buildings.

Surrounded by a solid wooden fence, this garden alongside Loucks farmhouse includes vegetables, herbs, and small fruits, including huckleberries.

Brian taught in the horticulture program at Algonquin College.  A true scholar of gardening as well as a plant enthusiast, he took time to provide some of the back story to the work they do at UCV.  In the following interview, he describes what it takes to maintain the gardens, how they decide what to plant, how they lay out the planting spaces, and what a visitor should notice when viewing the gardens.

Interview with Brian Henderson, master gardener

Compost: A Master Shows How It's Done

August 16th, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Hannah Harvester, Canton:

On August 14, Janet Lomastro, Potsdam, offered a workshop on making compost at her garden along the Raquette River. The program was part of a series on sustainable living sponsored by The Sustainable Living Project.

I was among about ten participants in a composting workshop given by Potsdam gardener Janet Lomastro as part of the North Country’s Sustainable Living Project, whose stated mission is to “coordinate educational programs promoting ecological skills vital to long term sustainability.” Janet considers herself a “landscape gardener,” and incorporates rock sculptures and other elements of surprise into her wending, terraced flower, vegetable, and herb garden at the edge of the Raquette River. Her composting, she told us, is an integral part of her gardening, and her series of four wooden slat bins are appropriately located in the center of the action.

The workshop was very hands-on, as we all worked to build an active compost pile together, learning about Janet’s four-bin system as we went. It is the presence of a fourth bin that sets her method apart from the more common three-bin system described in books. She calls her bins “Makin’, Bakin’, and Takin’,” but has two “Takin’” bins, one for screened compost, which is the final step in her method. Screening allows her to use larger, bulkier items such as roots, branches, and bones in her compost piles.  These are a source of carbon and help keep air circulating in the pile, and can be screened out of the final pile and reused repeatedly, as they gradually break down themselves.

We learned that the right mixture of water, air, carbon and nitrogen, added layer by layer,  is key to building a compost pile that does not need to be turned. Thus, we added bulky items, along with grass clippings, which are rich in nitrogen, and periodic sprinklings of water, to the pile.  Once the pile is built, Janet leaves it alone.  On average, her carefully constructed piles turn to compost in three weeks.

Several of the participants said that they have trouble from critters eating their compost. For this reason Janet stressed the importance of including grass or other yard waste in the mix,  topping the pile with a layer of material, such as grass, that animals will not consider a meal.

For more information about workshops offered by The Sustainable Living Project, visit www.SustainableLivingProject.net.

Participants in the compost workshop got down and dirty.

The plants in Lomastro's riverfront garden benefit from regular, generous doses of home-made compost.

Do you make compost at home?  Email us at garden@tauny.org to tell us about your process, or leave a comment below.

Update from Potsdam

August 16th, 2010 by Katrina Brainard

From John F. Schwaller, Potsdam:

Peas now all gone.  beans producing well.  Canned four pints of dilly beans last night.  Garlic all harvested and drying off in the garage.  Onions now all cleaned and put in the larder.  Zucchini and yellow squash produce faster than we can eat it.  Wonderful cucumbers.  Hundreds of green tomatoes.  Will they ever turn red?  Tomatillos are trying ot take over, fruits lags behind greenery.  Beets are coming on well, both the dark red Detroit and a new scarlet I've tried this year.  Chard is gorgeous.  What have I forgotten?

Beneficial bugs

August 11th, 2010 by Martha Foley

Amy Ivy, our friend from cooperative extension in Clinton and Essex counties, told us about "good" bugs in my weekly conversation with her Monday morning.

She thinks of insects that prey on "bad" insects as the good ones. Or insects that are pollinators, even ones like wasps that we don't think of in the same friendly way we might think about honey bees.

She mentined a little drama in one of her master gardener's dill. A black swallowtail caterpillar (she thought) was eating the dill. She wanted to encourage the beautiful butterfly, but save the dill. So after confirming the identification of the caterpillar, she went back out to move it OFF the dill…only to find a "good" bug, a spined soldier beetle, sucking the life out of the caterpillar.

Amy promised pictures…and here they are. Eeeuuuww!

And Amy's right, the "good" soldier looks a lot like the "bad" stink bug. Her always good advice about bugs in the garden is to make sure you know what the bug really is. In this case, it looks like master gardener Allison Hoff will have both dill AND butterflies. Good deal.

We were talking about garden pests at our news meeting this morning…Todd Moe's wondering if anyone has any advice about controlling squash bugs? And…why are some of my squash leaves wilting, and others not?

Hoop Dreams

August 11th, 2010 by Ellen Beberman

It is no secret that we gardeners  are slaves to the whims of our plants -  our job is to anticipate their needs and wants and to make sure they are always satisfied. Most plants thrive with constant warm temperatures, protection from extreme wind and rain, and a steady supply of water.  We counteract the excesses of our climate by creating mini plant oases in the garden.

Rich moving hoophouse with tractor

Rich moving end walls

A few years ago, I added a simple, cheap hoophouse to my garden, a slightly modified version of one designed by Washington State University Extension. The cost of materials was about $300; the construction of the end walls took a morning's worth of work by my husband, son and father-in-law, including extensive discussion and consultation.

This design is intended as a 3-season hoophouse: it will not survive a snowload. The ribs are made from PVC pipe and the plastic covering is held in place by nylon twine. After the initial construction, replacing and removing the plastic in spring and fall takes less than an hour as a two person job.

Hoophouse in spring

Hoophouse in spring

Because the ground is exposed during the winter, pests and disease tend not to develop inside the hoophouse.  Ventilation and access for insect pollinators is easily achieved by rolling up the sides of the plastic. Drip irrigation,although not strictly necessary, is a valuable addition, insuring that the plants do not get splashed by fungus-bearing soil.

I have used the hoophouse for season extension, covering plants with a layer of row cover inside the hoophouse during late and early frosts. A high-low thermometer registered a 12 degree Fahrenheit difference one night between the protected space inside the hoophouse and outside in the grass . But the greatest benefit so far is to let warmth-loving plants grow unchecked:

muskmelons in the hoophouse

An abundant harvest of musk melons!

Melons & Squash – A Reader's Questions

August 9th, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Scott Miller, Knapps Station:

The 25' x 40' space I fenced in for my wife's cutting garden came back to me when she decided she was too busy to manage it this year.  Given this space too late to start seedlings, I put down black plastic and planted store-bought cantaloupes and butternuts through it.  Talk about a quick fix!  In just one day I had this entire bed “prepared” and planted.  Now look at what they’ve done.  Vines are crawling out of their allotted space, through the fence and onto the mowed perimeter.  It’ll serve these over enthusiastic vines right when the deer nibble their outgoing extremities.


A last-minute descision to plant melons and squash has paid off in this garden. The orange flowers in the background are Mexican sunflower, or tithonia, which attracts butterflies.

The dark-colored foliage interplanted with squash and melons is Illumination Amaranth.

We'll harvest far more butternut squash than we can eat by Thanksgiving.  I don’t know the ideal storing conditions for these winter squash but it seems our basement doesn’t provide such.  If anyone reading this manages to keep butternuts longer, I’d like to know the conditions (temperature, humidity, other) that works for them.

As far as harvesting the melons, this year will be a mystery.  The seedlings were simply labeled “musk melons”.  Melons' ideal harvest signs vary.  Some varieties feel and smell ready when it’s time; they tend to “slip”, that is, effortlessly pull from the vine.  That’s when you eat them right out in the garden.  Others have to be cut off the vine by an experienced gardener who recognizes subtler signs of ripeness.  I've experimented with many varieties of melon over the years.  So far, the basic musk melon widely grown here performs best.  If anyone has tips about growing and storing melons, I'd like to hear them.

Deer Damage!!!!!

August 9th, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Judy Bailey, Canton:

Deer have sauntered through Judy Bailey's garden, neatly eating one row at a time.

The Bailey's have turned to electric fence and white plastic bags to deter deer.

These are photos of the damage done by deer in our garden.  I looked out my window one day and saw a deer standing right in the middle of the fenced area.  They've gotten to the zucchini, beans, tomato and pumpkin plants.  Notice in the top photo of beans how the deer targeted a whole row and didn't touch the one right next to it.
You can see the measures I have taken to try to keep them from returning…the white plastic bags, electric fence wire above the original fence (which has not been turned on yet but requires a higher jump) and the deer repellent hanging on the back of the fence and staked near the beans.  It doesn't look pretty, but I am bound and determined to keep them out. It has been two days without any more damage.  I'll keep you posted!
Other than the deer problem, we are enjoying LOTS of cucumbers and green beans, summer squash and cherry tomatoes.  My regular tomatoes are just beginning to show signs of ripening and our first cabbage was great.

No Late Blight Here

August 4th, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Dulli Tengeler, Birdsfoot Farm, Canton:

Birdsfoot Farm grows a lot of mixed greens for the market.

A bird's eye view of the growing fields at Birdsfoot Farm.

I get asked a lot about how the tomatoes are doing.  When I was tying them up last week I found first two, then more plants with black splotches on the bottom leaves that were on the ground.  I thought, “Oh no, it can't be,” stopped everything, went for breakfast and did not want to go out again.  My head was on the table and I started grieving,
possibly no tomatoes again… “ [Like many North Country growers, Birdsfoot Farm lost their tomato crop to late blight last summer.]

A few hours later I called Cooperative Extension and they came out one hour later, took a sample, drove it to the lab in Ithaca the next day and in 24 hrs I got the message:  it was not late blight.  What a relief.

The tomatoes are doing fine.  There is green fruit on them and many flowers.  It has been so long since I had a good tasting ripe tomato…

If you would like to follow Birdsfoot’s online newsletter, visit them at birdsfootfarm.weebly.com.

A Garden Move Pays Off

August 4th, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Eric P. King, Sackets Harbor:

Forced to move his vegetable garden, Eric P. King found plants grew better in the new location.

Our vegetable gardens were located along Washington Street in Sackets Harbor.  Early this spring, we were informed that the Village would be replacing the water and sewer lines that ran under our raised beds, to our dismay.  We briefly considered putting our vegetables together with friends who own a hobby farm nearby, until they made plans to move.
Left without alternatives, we moved our vegetable beds to our back yard. We always thought it was too shady there, but there was no other place for them.  Much to our delight, the vegetables love the new location and have grown bigger and yielded more per plant than our previous location.

You can make a lot of pickles with this much dill.

Of course, the warm spring and hot summer have really helped, along with generous additions of compost and straw mulch.  With this year's success, we plan on adding a few beds back along Washington Street, but are keeping most of our beds "out back".

Then and Now: Gardens in the Adirondacks

August 4th, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Adirondack Museum, Blue Mountain Lake:

Mrs. Merwin's Kitchen Garden is one of several vegetable gardens on display at the Adirondack Museum in Blue Mountain Lake.

"Mrs. Merwin's Kitchen Garden" is a small living exhibit intended to help our visitors understand the importance of eating local back in the days before there was good transportation in the central Adirondacks. Mrs. Merwin and her husband ran Merwin's Blue Mountain House on the site of the museum until the mid-1950s.  From the time the hotel opened in the 1870s there was a large garden here to supply the hotel kitchen.  Not only was it difficult to impossible to get fresh supplies at the hotel for most of that time, but the Blue Mountain House, like all Adirondack hotels, prided itself on wholesome, fresh, food and a varied menu.  To visitors coming from the cities, farm eggs and milk and fresh produce were a real attraction.

This c. 1905 photograph shows livestock and garden on what is now the grounds of the Adirondack Museum.

Today there is no officially-classified farmland in Hamilton County.  A century ago, the farms that supplied the local hotels, camps, and residents created a very different landscape than you see today.  The photo above was taken near the hotel/museum around 1905.  The hotel buildings are on the right.

 

Idea for an Extra Cabbage

August 3rd, 2010 by Jill Breit

Sometimes I just can't eat a whole head of cabbage before it spoils.  Thanks to Glory Martel, Ogdensburg, I now have an idea what to do with the extra:

The Ogdensburg Garden Club is getting ready for its flower show on September 10 and 11 at the Dobisky Community Center in Ogdensburg.  There will be two new categories this year: floor design and underwater arrangements.  Club member Glory Martel  recently invited two flower show  judges to her home to demonstrate how to tackle these categories.  Some members of the Ogdensburg Club were surprised when one of the judges showed up with a red cabbage for his underwater design.

Stephen Brown, Mohawk, NY,  is a master judge of the Federation of New York State Garden Clubs Inc. and District Director for the section of New York State that includes Ogdensburg.  He encouraged workshop participants to think creatively about material for their arrangements.

Flower show judge Stephen Brown prepares a cabbage for a tabletop arrangement.

Brown submerges slices of cabbage in fishbowls filled with water.

With the addition of a few flowers, this "underwater" arrangement is ready for display.

Stephen reported that he has made similar arrangements with cherries rather than cabbage and found it just as attractive.

A Message from Ulster County, NY

August 3rd, 2010 by Jill Breit

Darlene Kelley, in Kehonkson, NY, wrote in to say that she enjoys following NCPR and its programs through the internet while she works on her computer.  She emailed a couple of garden photos for our enjoyment:

Recent picks from the garden of Darlene Kelley

Squash on the way.

The Basket Runneth Over

August 1st, 2010 by Katrina Brainard

From Anneke Larrance:

We returned home at the end of our vacation to find that the garden had been busy while we were gone.  Darned if it didn't produce LOTS of cukes.  Some of them were already too big to use (except for carving "float boats" with little ones), but they needed to be picked so that the plants would keep producing.  My husband and I have made 12 quarts of dill pickles already; 4 of them were "not too spicy" for our 2-year grandson who loves the things.

The garden thrived with a little neglect and I think I would do well to remember that.  I have lettuce "trees" but the lettuce is still sweet enough to eat.  The new lettuce for fall eating is up and getting its second leaves.  The kohlrabi is great, bigger than baseballs and still sweet and crunchy.  Several of the early cabbage have split, but the base of the one that I cut about 4 weeks ago has now sprouted 5 little baby cabbage heads.  It's the cutest thing.  I've been picking the blooms off the basil, and it makes that section of the garden smell pretty good.

The early blight on the tomatoes really advanced while we were gone.  Ugh!  We're now using copper fungicide, and I hope that helps.

A School-yard Garden in Potsdam

July 29th, 2010 by Jill Breit

From Karen Bage, Potsdam:

Here are photos of the Lawrence Ave. Elementary School Garden in Potsdam.  This is the first year for the school garden. We are growing what the cafeteria can use and what can be eaten out-of-hand by summer school students during the summer months.  We grow lettuce, spinach, snap peas, pole beans, herbs, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, carrots, winter squash, summer squash, cucumbers.

Herbs are grown in half-barrels; Greens and carrots in a raised bed; Climbing things (pole beans and cucumbers) in an in-ground bed with portable trellises; Pumpkins and winter squash in two in-ground odd-shaped beds within view from classroom windows and a large hallway window; Peas in a raised bed near a permanent trellis; Crops in rows in a rectangular bed – tomatoes, summer squash, peppers, onions, potatoes; flowers here and there, concentrated around a yicky pond to be drained, filled with sand and turned into a zen garden!

The garden is located in an interior courtyard. Critters (except for birds) can't get in!

School gardens are a great project, but take a lot of time to get started. Teachers, students, school food service, and school administration have been very excited about the garden.

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Raised bed of lettuce, Lawrence Ave. Elementary School, Potsdam.

Cafeteria workers prepare to serve greens grown on school grounds.

Fresh school-grown salad for Potsdam students.