Posts Tagged ‘agriculture’

Spring weather swings hurt fruit farmers

May 12th, 2012 by Lucy Martin

These trees look OK - I'm hoping fruit will follow.

Reports in Ontario and Quebec indicate fruit crops have been heavily damaged by this spring's weather fluctuations. As summarized by the Globe and Mail:

Extreme weather over the past few months has had a devastating impact on fruit growers throughout Ontario, Quebec, and northeastern United States. Unusually warm temperatures in March coaxed fruit trees out of their winter dormancy early. Subsequent deep frosts, occurring as recently as late April, damaged the blossoms, crippling their ability to pollinate. In Ontario, the fruit industry is expecting to record tens of millions of dollars in losses, according to early estimates.

Apples, cherries and plums have been hardest hit. In the Georgian Bay area, from Owen Sound to Collingwood, one of the largest apple-growing areas in Ontario that produces about 25 per cent of the province’s apples, growers have lost 80 per cent of their crop, says Brian Gilroy, chairman of the Ontario Apple Growers, which represents growers throughout the province. Some individual growers have been completely wiped out.

Ontario produces around 40 per cent of Canadian apples, and the farm gate value of the province’s apples is about $60-million a year.

Ontario and Quebec are really big provinces, so regional results will vary. "The Packer" (covering the fresh produce industry since 1893) reports the full extent of damage in Ontario won't be clear until June.  The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture fruit production fact sheet says there are approximately 700 apple growers in the province. Half the apples are sold for fresh eating, half are processed.

As reported earlier on NCPR, New York fruit growers were also hurt by weather this spring.

This is my first full spring in North Gower since moving here from Kars last May. I was sad to leave behind fruit trees I'd planted there. Happily, the "new" house came with two mature apple trees in front. This week they're covered with flowers. Lovely! (Our small household was rolling in apples last fall.)

Seeing the blossoms I was assuming my trees had dodged the bullet. But perhaps the buds were damaged in ways I can't see yet? My fingers are crossed.

What's happening with the apple or other fruit trees in your area? Apples have a special appeal, but it's probably a smart idea to diversify in your home garden, if possible. Amy Ivy thinks berries may provide the home gardener's best return on time and effort. (You can hear that conversation with Martha Foley here.)

Life and death Smurf stories

April 29th, 2012 by Lucy Martin

This is dairy country, on both sides of the border. So when a local cow makes good, it's news. As reported earlier this week, a 15-year-old Holstein named Smurf is being celebrated as the world's best milk producer.

Smurf the Holstein (artist's conception)

Smurf lives at La Ferme Gillette in Embrun, Ontario. Eric Patenaude, a 6th generation herdsman on the large family-run operation, recounted Smurf's story for media consumption.

The record, which she is still adding to, is 216,000 litres. That’s more than enough to provide an eight-ounce glass of milk for every man, woman and child in Ottawa. The average milking cow yields about 35,000 lifetime litres, says Louis Patenaude, Eric’s uncle.

Smurf produces about 50 litres per day. That itself, while very good, is no record. The secret of Smurf’s success, which allowed her to take the record from a cow in Michigan, is consistency. In early May, she will deliver a calf and begin a lactation cycle for the 11th time. Like professional athletes, most cows wear out at some point and break down. They develop lactation trouble, fertility trouble, foot trouble. Not Smurf.

“She’s a trouble-free cow,” says Eric Patenaude.

Smurf now holds the Guinness World Record for milk production. (And let's just admit that Guinness World Records are a social construct, a record of observations that isn't complete or universal, and may not amount to a hill of beans in the bigger scheme of things.) Even so, the designation can reflect noteworthy or unusual results.

In the context of dairy farming, Smurf is loved and pampered. Enter People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. PETA is no fan of dairy practices. Following Smurf's burst of international fame, the Ottawa Citizen reports that PETA sent a letter to Patenaude arguing Smurf should be retired to an approved farmed-animal sanctuary. As PETA spokeswoman Alicia Woempner put it:

“Like all mammals, cows produce milk to feed their babies,” Woempner added, “and other cows, like Smurf, are repeatedly forcefully impregnated and then their deeply loved babies are taken from them within hours of birth.

“We think that after a lifetime of exploiting her for profit, it would be the right thing for Mr. Patenaude to allow Smurf to enjoy a happy retirement with her youngster.”

Patenaude was gracious in his response, calling PETA an organization that does good for some animals.
He said his immediate plans for Smurf aren’t all that dissimilar to what PETA is recommending: the calf that Smurf is currently carrying will stay with her following its birth. “That calf is staying here. I can 110 per cent guarantee the calf will stay with her. He’ll stay with Smurf, on the farm, for as long as he wants — for as long as he lives.

“We want what’s best for Smurf,” he added. “I think she’s reached 16 years because she’s in the right place. We’re the people who know what’s best for Smurf. They want to put her in an animal sanctuary, but I think at this point she is in an animal sanctuary.”

Do you know of an unusually productive cow? I am sure many farmers have soft spots and keep some animals for life.

Reading about this little flurry reminds me of an article in the New York Times this week, about old-age homes for (I kid you not)…chickens. Yes, backyard chickens are "in" but that craze eventually runs into an uncomfortable problem: hens lay eggs for a few years, but can easily live for a decade.
Cruelty may be preventable, but death is guaranteed. Animal or human, the question is not "if"  but "when?" and "how?".  A subject that provokes much debate.

Morning Read: Obama administration scraps farm safety regs for teens

April 27th, 2012 by Brian Mann

Safety regulations strongly backed by farmworker advocates were mothballed yesterday by the US Department of Labor.

The move came following a fierce backlash from ag industry groups and farm-region lawmakers including North Country Rep. Bill Owens (D-Plattsburgh).

This from the Glens Falls Post Star:

The crackdown on farm workers incited area farmers and the region’s local, state and federal lawmakers, who immediately questioned the administration’s commitment to rural America.

And on Thursday evening, the Labor Department pulled back, specifically citing the nationwide rebuke of the attempt to bring farms under the same standards as other industries.

“The Obama administration is firmly committed to promoting family farmers and respecting the rural way of life, especially the role that parents and other family members play in passing those traditions down through the generations,” read a statement released by the Labor Department. “To be clear, this regulation will not be pursued for the duration of the Obama administration.”

Rep. Owens issued a statement late last night, which reads as follows:

"This is great news for youth interested in agriculture and family farms across New York State. I applaud this commonsense decision by the Department of Labor to reverse course on a regulation that would have been damaging to New York family farms," Owens said. "Agriculture is vital to our region's economy and food security, and I look forward to continuing to work with New Yorkers to ensure Washington works for the farming community — not against it."

Should we do more to keep kids safe on farms?

April 18th, 2012 by Brian Mann

The Harvest is a 2010 documentary that raised concerns about safety standards for young farm workers

Over the last week, four North Country news organizations — including NCPR — have wrestled with the issue of farm worker safety, reporting on new rules designed to protect teenagers who work on farms.

Most of those reports, in the Watertown Daily Times, the Adirondack Daily Enterprise and the Glens Falls Post Star gave the lion's share of attention to critics of the proposed Federal regulations.

Farmers, industry groups and Rep. Bill Owens generally describe the rules as a case of bureaucratic overreach, with the New York Farm Bureau accusing the Department of Labor of telling farmers "how to raise our kids."

In my reporting, I also found some credible and compelling sources who have a very different take on this issue.

John Myers, an expert on work safety at the Centers for Disease Control, told me that kids working on farms face risks of injury and fatality that are three times higher than in other industries.

Even though relatively few American kids work on farms these days, farm-work fatalities now account for the majority of work-related deaths for young people.

"When I compare them to other kids working in other places, the numbers [of injuries and deaths] are just so out of line…it's just hard to ignore them," Myers said.

Groups including Human Rights Watch and Farmworker Justice have embraced the new rules, arguing that many large-scale modern farms are more like factories.

It's also noteworthy that last month the non-partisan political fact-checking organization Politifact reviewed fears about bureaucratic overreach raised by the ag industry and members of Congress and concluded that they are "mostly false."

"The proposed rules are aimed at protecting children involved in agribusiness, not at children learning farming from their flannel-clad dads," Politifact found.  "We find the orchestrated criticism misleading…"

So what do you think?  Is this an industry trying to preserve child labor standards that were abolished in other risky workplaces decades ago?  Is it a traditional way of life threatened by "clueless" bureaucrats?

A jump on Spring

March 12th, 2012 by Martha Foley

Amy Ivy and I talk today about satisfying that itch to rush the gardening season. It's always there, as the days get longer and the snow clears. There are mornings you walk outside and smell earth and water in a mix that is unmistakeably spring.

Usually it's pure fantasy until we get farther along on the calendar. But as this winter was a puzzlement of mild temperatures and little snow, this shoulder season is proving to be more of the same.

Snow drops in Potsdam. (Photo: Mimi Van Deusen)

Things are early. We've heard reports on bluebirds, in West Potsdam and on my road outside Canton. Waves of robins are passing through. And then there are these snowdrops, from this morning in Potsdam. Leroy St. according to our alert photographer, Mimi Van Deusen.

And the forecast this week is for more mild weather, and more sun after tomorrow. Amy has great ideas for "low tunnels" to make out of ABS pipe or sturdy wire and row cover fabric available at hardware stores and gardening centers. They're good for experiments with early spinach and lettuce seeds. And why not? Live it up!

Morning Read: Ag experts say region's farms must prep for climate change

February 27th, 2012 by Brian Mann

While politicians dither over climate change, a growing number of experts in fields like engineering, public planning, and agriculture are preparing for what they view as an inevitably changed planet.

That view was shared again on Friday by an expert from Monsanto, who spoke at a USDA conference in Washington, according to the Watertown Daily Times.

[T]he change isn’t that far away. Surface warming in the Northern Hemisphere has accelerated since the late 1960s, equivalent to moving Earth a million miles closer to the sun, said David Gustafson, senior fellow for water quality and agricultural sustainability with the Monsanto Co.  Prospects for lessening the global warming effect are increasingly dim, Mr. Gustafson said. “Agriculture will, in fact, be forced to deal,” he said.

Change could affect the North Country's dairy interesting in particular, writes the Times' Mark Heller.

In New York, the trend toward warmer conditions could cost the state part of its advantage in the dairy industry: cool weather. Cows begin to experience heat stress when temperatures reach the mid-70s, and production suffers sharply as readings reach into the 80s and 90s.

“Dairy farmers could adapt to this by renovating barns with better cooling systems, but these costs would have to be weighed against potential risks and benefits,” wrote David W. Wolfe, a professor at Cornell University, Ithaca, in a paper on climate change and Northeast agriculture.

Read the full article here.

Morning Read: Farmers dodge tough new manure rules

December 16th, 2011 by Brian Mann

The Watertown Daily Times is reporting that the USDA has dropped a proposed rule that would have limited the spreading of manure on frozen ground.

Without the ability to spread manure in winter, north country farmers would have had to build storage facilities big enough to hold a few months’ worth of manure — costing $250,000 or more for a typical farm, critics said.

“We are very pleased to see the USDA take a rational approach in creating the guidelines for family farms regarding nutrient management,” Rep. William L. Owens, D-Plattsburgh, said in a news release.

“I was happy to work with the New York Farm Bureau this year to address serious concerns their members had with the initial draft policy when it was released.”

Environmental groups and many scientists have long argued that the practice of spreading manure on frozen ground results in far more phosphorous run-off into streams and lakes.

Phosphorous contamination has been a major issue in the North Country, from the Black River to Lake Champlain.  Read the WDT's full article here.

Morning Read: Farmers' political power "withers" in Washington

September 21st, 2011 by Brian Mann

This week, New York Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand unveiled her priorities for the Farm Bill now being debated in Washington.

Tops on her list are major reforms to the way dairy products are priced in the marketplace and how government subsidies work.

"[F]or too long, our farmers have been held back by an outdated and unfair pricing system, and other obstacles to grow their businesses. We need our farmers to thrive if we’re going to have a strong and growing economy in New York. I’ve met with and heard from local farmers in every corner of our state, and now I’m fighting for these proposals in the next Farm Bill to make sure it’s a good deal for our farmers.”

Gillibrand notes that farming is a $4.5 billion industry in New York.

But this morning, Politico is reporting that Americans are growing weary of the $4.7 billion in annual taxpayer cash subsidies paid directly to farmers every year.

The on-line political journal notes a bipartisan push to scale back the "safety net" that farms rely on.

Beginning with the House Republican budget last April, deficit talks over the summer focused on 10-year cuts of about $30 billion. And the White House upped the ante further Monday by proposing what is actually a 22 percent cut in farm supports, including an end to all direct payments and a surprising 11 percent, $8 billion cut from crop insurance.

Change is certain then, and the real question for agriculture is how to manage this transition and still preserve some safety net.

So what do you think?  Time for farmers to go it alone?  (Politico notes that the ag industry nationwide made net profits of $103.6 billion.)  Or are their some sectors — dairy, for instance — that still need help?

Morning Read: Looking the other way on illegal immigration?

September 20th, 2011 by Brian Mann

Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin is taking heat from Republicans for saying point-blank that his administration has a sort of don't-ask-don't-tell policy when it comes to illegal migrant workers.  This from the Burlington Free Press.

We kind of look the other way as much as we can. I just want to make sure that is what we are doing. That has clearly been our policy.”

He went on to explain that Vermont agriculture depends on migrant labor. “There is just no doubt about it, we need foreign workers,” he said.

According to the newspaper, Vermont's GOP doesn't like that philosophy much, calling it "completely irresponsible."

There is a lot of evidence that a similar policy shapes the policing (or lack thereof) of migrant workers in northern New York.

Despite the fact that we're within shouting distance of a massive US Border Patrol presence, a lot of undocumented workers play a vital role in the Norh Country's dairy industry.

So what do you think?  Is this is a good way to run an industry, using grey- or black-market labor?  If not, what should be done about it? As always, your comments welcome.

Irene leaves Pumpkin void in some areas

September 19th, 2011 by Julie Grant

Pumpkin growers are popular this time of year.  But in some areas of the state, pumpkin crops were wiped out by recent flooding.

The Glens Falls Post Star reports that growers in Washington, Saratoga and Warren counties are filling the void for those who lost their pumpkins.

Wet weather hit farmers on both sides.  Some had to plant late because wet fields were tough to get in, and had to be harvested a week early because wet conditions could lead to fungus.  Some even hired mules to get into the fields because it was too wet for tractors.